782. 117. Some of our witnesses have suggested that certain research establishments might form the nuclei of new universities. Nevertheless, after giving the most earnest consideration to these arguments, we do not recommend this solution: we are not in favour of the All survey analyses relate to 1961/2. 14. [page 222] We make no recommendation on loan finance for universities. increase demanded. On major issues, the first duty of the standing committee would be to arrange for effective discussion either by the full Committee or by institutions severally, or by both. Halls of residence in the traditional sense, where some teachers also live, and where teachers and students dine together, have common rooms and other social facilities, are expensive and they are not necessarily desirable for all students. Second come matters of establishment, such as appointment, promotion and recommendations to the ultimate governing body about individual salaries. 457.) It excludes University Departments of Education and the central activity of University Institutes (or Schools) of Education. In Local Colleges - If he is to discharge such functions efficiently, he must not be overloaded with the detail of day-to-day administration and the work of subordinate committees. Any distinctions in status and salary scale between readers and senior lecturers should be removed. The contribution to international development would be more apparent, and subsidies could be guided with more ease to those who really need them. 514. (Para. [page 302] 676. The colleges in each university's Institute of Education and the University Department of Education should be formed into a School of Education. Postgraduate study in, 289, 297, 305, 408-409. SCOTTISH CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION (See SCOTTISH LEAVING CERTIFICATE) Future functions as Schools of Education, 351-360. For continuous business of this sort, 13. The general reason for demanding a rapid increase in the numbers going on to postgraduate work is that the enormous extensions of knowledge in all fields of study have made it impossible for a student to master more than the rudiments of his subject within the limits of a first degree course. Advanced courses2.3 These are the equivalent on the arts side of laboratory equipment in pure science and technology, and it would not be reasonable to contemplate a state of affairs in which all the universities in the country were equally entitled to funds for building up the equivalent of the Bodleian or the British Library of Political Science. inquiry into the matter. The time of those preparing to teach in primary schools only (more than half the total) is divided amongst other activities as follows: about 35 per cent is spent on main subjects (one or two subjects studied by the students for 560. 498. 424.) POSTGRADUATE STUDY 166. As we have indicated, much of the expansion contemplated will take place by the growth of existing institutions. Another would be the new Special Institution for Scientific and Technological Education and Research. The larger universities or the universities undergoing rapid change should consider whether the prospective vice-chancellor should serve an introductory year as a vice-chancellor designate before taking over. Higher degrees2.1 651. TermReference Finally, we come to the eight Agricultural Colleges - five in England and Wales and three in Scotland. Nevertheless we hold that, subject to the obligation to consult effectively with the schools, institutions of higher education should be free to stipulate their general entrance requirements. Like all communities, a university needs a diversity of gifts and any notion that there is an ideal division between teaching, research, original work and administration to which every member of the academic staff of a university should attempt throughout his academic life to conform is wholly alien to the proper concept of a university. 6 Social class For the purpose of the University Teachers' Survey, however, Southampton was classified with the larger civic universities. As we have noted earlier in this chapter, the great majority of first degree courses are for honours degrees and, as Table 33 shows, only 4 per cent of students start in courses that are from the outset courses leading to pass degrees. 671. It is in the nature of things that talent should attract talent and that where famous intellectual exploits take place, there should develop some concentration of staff and students especially interested in the subjects concerned. 80. Ministerial responsibility CHAPTER XIV Some of us would prefer to see the proportion greater. No doubt, as with the proposals in the McNair Report, the universities will need time to consider what they feel able to do. (Para. 342. 5.4 A particular entry rate is equal to the application rate (the proportion of qualified school leavers who apply) multiplied by the degree of competition (the proportion of qualified applicants who are admitted). Pass Degree-giving powers for Colleges of Advanced Technology, 392-393, 832. We hope that, for reasons of economy of staff and equipment, the work of university level will be concentrated as far as possible in selected centres. 326. Admission of students, 714-716. But it is important that those who take decisions at all levels should have the confidence of their colleagues, and to secure it they must do all they can to ensure that full information about policy and plans is widely disseminated. (Para. Association of Municipal Corporations Federation of British Industries 742. It equally provides a safeguard for the well-being and development of further education and of the schools. VISITS ABROAD BY THE COMMITTEE, 2, 12, 99-100, 230, 239, Annex paras. Professor. 499. (See also COLLEGES OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY, REGIONAL COLLEGES, AREA COLLEGES, LOCAL COLLEGES, NATIONAL COLLEGES, COLLEGES OF COMMERCE, COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS OF ART) Headmasters' Association of Scotland and Association of Head Mistresses (Scottish Branch) The promotion of social intercourse between teachers and students is desirable. The staple of the colleges is a general course, now of three years' duration, mainly for those entering straight from school who wish to train for teaching either in primary or in secondary schools. degree of the university with which the college will be linked (see 35 below) should be awarded at the conclusion of the four-year course. It is quite true that the number of officials involved is such that the amalgamation in the new ministry of the functions at present discharged at the Treasury and the Ministry of Education would not make it unduly large. 573. We have considered therefore with great care whether the whole education service should become the responsibility of a Secretary of State for Education, and we do not wish to minimise the strength of the case that can be made for this. We do not feel able to estimate the number of Training College students who might attempt degree courses if the facilities were available. TRAINING COLLEGES TEACHING AND RESEARCH More than one reason can be advanced for the position being apparently so much more satisfactory than in the universities. In the days when the older civic universities were founded, the ratio of senior to junior posts was much more even than it is now; and, with the prospect of achieving senior status themselves, it did not seem to junior teachers intolerable that the burden of administrative responsibility should rest chiefly in the hands of the professor. The separate stages of the calculation are as follows: DA9714673 Fulltext: Scherman, Rosemarie Redlich. Even if the initial moneys were raised by taxation, as the loans are repaid there must be some easement of the commitments of the budget. Appendix Five: Higher education in other countries. We recommend therefore that each University Department of Education should either merge with or become a part of the School of Education of its university and its work should be supported by Exchequer funds as part of the earmarked grant given to the university in respect of the School. We expect that the numbers of such courses and the proportion of students in them will remain small, although these courses will rightly persist to meet special needs.       The scope and size of the colleges132 The present standards, both in universities and in Training Colleges, are, by common consent, considerably higher than the standards of the 'thirties and are almost certainly higher than those of the early 'fifties. In our view the proposals do not sufficiently reflect the colleges' development into national institutions drawing their students from far beyond their own localities and sending them out to serve anywhere in the country. [page 120] The machinery of government We now turn to the Scottish first degree system, which differs in important respects from that of the universities of England and Wales. 531. Every university teacher is aware that the atmosphere of the university can transform the whole approach to learning of students who, when admitted, seemed only doubtfully fitted for university work. Dr. F. D. C. Henry 636. British Student Health Association By the time the detailed plans for this period have to be made, further data will be available on the output of qualified school leavers and on all the other steps in our calculation. 395.) Having established this general presumption, we may now proceed to consider these estimates in the context of public expenditure in general. In further education it also includes, as in the Ministry of Education's statistics, building, pharmacy, surveying and textile technology. (Para. Occupations of graduates six months after graduating: by faculty, 35. Financial support for undergraduates, 271. Colleges like the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute are very similar to the German Technical High Schools in this respect, but the process of building up special colleges has in Russia been carried very much further, so that universities are now devoted mainly to arts and science in their 'pure' forms and mostly exclude fields such as law, medicine and economics. Sir Eric Ashby The problems were solved then and they can be solved now: but only if there is a definite lead from the centre with advice from the appropriate quarters. If, for instance, the potential donor of funds towards a new building is told that, in so far as any of the cost is provided by the state, there must be no departure from some uniform level of architectural amenity, he is certainly not likely to be so willing to give as if he knew that his gift would lead to something more distinctive. AWARDS Yet there are two reservations to be made. One university college was founded immediately after the second world war. In Colleges of Advanced Technology and in further education we allow for a modest increase in the length of study, since in the developing institutions an increasing proportion of the work will be of degree level and expansion of postgraduate work is to be desired.‡ If the present level of wastage§ is reduced, this will lead to a further increase in the number of places beyond that for which we have allowed. Local authorities should recognise well in advance that universities need ample sites for expansion. It excludes University Departments of Education and the central activity of University Institutes (or Schools) of Education. Moreover, in approving centres for the Diploma in Technology, the Council has attached great importance not only to the standard of the particular course but to the general level and atmosphere of the work in the whole college. 658. SPECIAL INSTITUTIONS FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH. Such freedom is the condition of the intellectual life. Length of first degree courses 301.) In this chapter we shall begin with problems that have arisen in the government of the present universities. (to be called Colleges of Education). [page 265] PLACES FOR HOME STUDENTS But strictly academic work will not be the most appropriate way for some students to spend all ten months of the year. We have now to consider the key problem of the appropriate machinery of government for the system of higher education. System of higher education in, 102- 130 passim. 810. This may be justified when the projection refers to a relatively short period. In most of the cases with which we are concerned the local education authorities have the staffs and technical resources to contribute to this development as they are already demonstrating and as they have done in the past. 307.) Those countries that have adopted ambitious plans will not necessarily achieve their targets in full. We shall recommend appropriate machinery for this purpose in Chapter XVII. Careers of graduates, 260. 652, 734, 769, 784, 786, 830. 12. What should be the division of functions between first degrees and postgraduate courses of instruction and/or research? In all we received over 400 documents of written evidence. The filling of senior posts is chiefly a matter for the head of the institution and his senior colleagues, but it is a function in which lay participation is valuable. The above argument is couched in terms of education in general. We recommend legislation to remedy both deficiencies. 664. With such a structure of ministerial responsibility - the new munster responsible for the Grants Commission and the institutions dependent on it, and the Minister of Education and the Secretary of State for Scotland remaining responsible for the other institutions of higher education and the schools - there will be a need for co-ordination. First, they should each be associated with a well established institution - a university or a Special Institution for Scientific and Technological Education and Research. COLLEGES OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY Individuals (Para. 774. (Para. THE COST OF HIGHER EDUCATION Mr. C. S. R. Russell *The percentage is taken as constant in each type of institution. All that we are contending here is that a solution of the problem of allocating resources should not be sought on the basis of narrow notions of the nature of the economic return and of measurements which, if they are comparatively easy to make, omit elements of fundamental value. (Para. UNIVERSITIES (SCOTLAND) ACT, 1889, 58, 688-690. As for the other two, it is possible that a satisfactory solution could be reached on the basis of federal arrangements of a liberal kind within the existing universities of which they form part. There are differences arising from differences of purpose or achievement that it would be wrong to attempt to remove. expenditure from the Ministry of Education and are free to expand or contract their teaching staffs within the limits of their approved estimates. But the present chapter is concerned with higher education as a whole, and in a system where almost all home students are assisted from public funds 13.
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